I-Benzoic acid iyisigqi esimhlophe noma amakristalu amise njengenaliti angenambala anefomula ethi C6H5COOH. Inephunga elibi futhi elimnandi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo, i-benzoic acid ithola ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukulondolozwa kokudla, ezemithi, nezimonyo.

I-Benzoic acid nama-esters ayo akhona ngokwemvelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokuphawulekayo, amajikijolo amaningi anomumo obalulekile, cishe u-0.05%. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zezinhlobo eziningana ze-Vaccinium, ezifana ne-cranberry (V. vitis-idaea) kanye ne-bilberry (V. myrtillus), zingaqukatha amazinga e-benzoic acid mahhala asuka ku-0.03% kuya ku-0.13%. Ukwengeza, ama-apula akhiqiza i-benzoic acid lapho engenwa ukhunta i-Nectria galligena. Lesi sithako siphinde satholwa ezithweni zangaphakathi nemisipha ye-rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), kanye nezindlala zezindlala ze-muskoxen yesilisa (Ovibos moschatus) nezindlovu zezinkunzi zase-Asia (Elephas maximus). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoin ye-gum ingaba ne-benzoic acid efika ku-20% kanye nama-esters angu-40%.

I-Benzoic acid, etholakala kuwoyela we-cassia, ilungele izimonyo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni ngokuphelele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-phenol kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid. Kutholakale ukuthi i-phenol ingatholwa ku-benzoic acid ngenqubo yokwelapha i-benzoic acid encibilikisiwe ngegesi oxidizing, umoya, kanye nesitimu emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-200°C kuya ku-250°C.

2. I-Benzoic acid isebenza njengesandulela se-benzoyl chloride, edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali, odayi, amakha, izibulala-khula, kanye nemithi. Ukwengeza, i-benzoic acid ingena kumetabolism ukuze yakhe i-benzoate esters, i-benzoate amides, i-thioester yama-benzoate, ne-benzoic anhydride. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo kumakhompawundi amaningi abalulekile atholakala emvelweni futhi ibalulekile kumakhemikhali aphilayo.

3. Esinye sezicelo eziyinhloko ze-benzoic acid sinjengesilondolozi ngaphakathi komkhakha wokudla. Ivame ukusetshenziswa eziphuzweni, emikhiqizweni yezithelo, namasoso, lapho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwesikhunta, imvubelo namagciwane athile.

4. Emkhakheni wemithi, i-benzoic acid ivamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-salicylic acid ukuze kubhekwane nezimo zesikhunta ezinjengonyawo lomsubathi, umbandamu, nokulunywa kwe-jock. Ukwengeza, isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezihloko ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-keratolytic, esiza ekususeni izinsumpa, ummbila, nama-calluses. Uma isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha, i-benzoic acid ngokuvamile isetshenziswa phezulu. Itholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa okhilimu, amafutha okugcoba, nezimpushana. Ukugcwala kwe-benzoic acid kule mikhiqizo kuvame ukusuka ku-5% kuye ku-10%, kuvame ukubhangqwa nokuhlangana okufanayo kwe-salicylic acid. Ukuze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo zesikhumba zesikhunta, kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokomisa indawo ethintekile kahle ngaphambi kokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwemithi. Isicelo ngokuvamile sinconywa kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, futhi ukuthobela isiqondiso sochwepheshe bezempilo kubalulekile ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

I-Benzoic acid ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile uma isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele; nokho, kungase kuholele emiphumeleni emibi kubantu abathile. Imiphumela emibi evame ukubikwa kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusabela kwesikhumba kwendawo okufana nokubabomvu, ukulunywa, nokucasuka. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zithambile futhi zesikhashana, nakuba zingabaphatha kabi abanye. Uma ukucasuka kuqhubeka noma kuba namandla, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uyeke ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo futhi ufune isiqondiso kuchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Labo abane-hypersensitivity eyaziwayo ku-benzoic acid noma yiziphi izithako zayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe le nhlanganisela. Ukwengeza, ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emanxebeni avulekile noma esikhunjeni esiphukile, njengoba ukumuncwa kwe-asidi ngesikhumba esisengozini kungase kubangele ubuthi besistimu. Izimpawu ze-systemic toxicity zingase zihlanganise isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukungakhululeki kwesisu, nesiyezi, okudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa ibele bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bathintane nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-benzoic acid ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwabo nezingane zabo. Nakuba ubufakazi obuphathelene nemiphumela ye-benzoic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa bulinganiselwe, kuwukuhlakanipha ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubeka phambili ukuqapha.

Ngamafuphi, i-benzoic acid iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile enezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuvela kwayo kwemvelo, izici zokulondoloza amandla, kanye nokusebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-benzoic acid ngokuphepha nangokuzibophezela, ngokulandela iziqondiso ezinconyiwe kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo lapho kudingeka.