I-Benzoic acid iyikristalu elimhlophe eliqinile noma elingenambala elinomumo wenaliti elinefomula i-C6H5COOH. Inephunga elithambile nelimnandi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo, i-benzoic acid isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugcinwa kokudla, imithi, kanye nezimonyo.

I-Benzoic acid kanye nama-ester ayo akhona ngokwemvelo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi amajikijolo amaningi anokuhlushwa okukhulu, cishe u-0.05%. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zezinhlobo eziningana ze-Vaccinium, njenge-cranberry (V. vitis-idaea) kanye ne-bilberry (V. myrtillus), zingaqukatha amazinga e-benzoic acid yamahhala asukela ku-0.03% kuya ku-0.13%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-apula akhiqiza i-benzoic acid uma etheleleke yi-fungus i-Nectria galligena. Le nhlanganisela itholakale nasezithweni zangaphakathi kanye nemisipha ye-rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), kanye nasekukhishweni kwezindlala ze-muskoxen yesilisa (Ovibos moschatus) kanye ne-Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gum benzoin ingaqukatha kufika ku-20% we-benzoic acid kanye no-40% wama-ester ayo.

I-Benzoic acid, etholakala ku-cassia oil, ilungele izimonyo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni kuphela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Benzoic Acid

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-phenol kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzoic acid. Kutholakale ukuthi i-phenol ingatholakala ku-benzoic acid ngenqubo yokwelapha i-benzoic acid encibilikisiwe ngegesi ekhipha i-oxidizing, okungcono kakhulu umoya, kanye nomusi emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-200°C kuya ku-250°C.

2. I-Benzoic acid isebenza njengesandulela se-benzoyl chloride, edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, amadayi, amakha, ama-herbicides, kanye nemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-benzoic acid idlula ku-metabolism ukuze yakhe ama-benzoate esters, ama-benzoate amides, ama-thioesters ama-benzoate, kanye ne-benzoic anhydride. Iyinto ebalulekile yesakhiwo kumakhemikhali amaningi abalulekile atholakala emvelweni futhi ibalulekile kumakhemikhali e-organic.

3. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-benzoic acid njengesivikelo emkhakheni wokudla. Ivame ukusetshenziswa eziphuzweni, emikhiqizweni yezithelo, kanye nasemasosweni, lapho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwesikhunta, imvubelo, kanye namagciwane athile.

4. Emkhakheni wemithi, i-benzoic acid ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-salicylic acid ukubhekana nezimo zesikhumba ezikhunta njenge-athlete's foot, i-ringworm, kanye ne-jock itch. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwangaphandle ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-keratolytic, esiza ekususeni ama-warts, ama-corn, kanye nama-calluses. Uma isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha, i-benzoic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle. Itholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi okhilimu, amafutha okugcoba, kanye nophudingi. Ukuhlushwa kwe-benzoic acid kule mikhiqizo kuvame ukusuka ku-5% kuya ku-10%, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhlushwa okufanayo kwe-salicylic acid. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo zesikhumba ezikhunta, kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokomisa indawo ethintekile kahle ngaphambi kokufaka ungqimba oluncane lomuthi. Ukusetshenziswa kuvame ukunconywa kabili kuya kathathu ngosuku, futhi ukunamathela esiqondisweni sochwepheshe wezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

I-Benzoic acid ivame ukubhekwa njengephephile uma isetshenziswa kahle; noma kunjalo, ingabangela imiphumela emibi kubantu abathile. Imiphumela emibi ebikwa kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusabela kwesikhumba okufana nokubomvu, ukulunywa, kanye nokucasuka. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zincane futhi zesikhashana, yize zingaba zimbi kwabanye. Uma ukucasuka kuqhubeka noma kuqhubeka, kuyalulekwa ukuyeka ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo bese ucela isiqondiso kuchwepheshe wezempilo.

Labo abanolwazi lokuzwela kakhulu i-benzoic acid noma ezinye izithako zayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe le nhlanganisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezilonda ezivulekile noma esikhumbeni esiphukile, njengoba ukumuncwa kwe-asidi ngesikhumba esiphukile kungabangela ubuthi emzimbeni. Izimpawu zobuthi emzimbeni zingafaka phakathi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukungakhululeki esiswini, kanye nesiyezi, okudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo bakhuthazwa ukuthi baxhumane nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-benzoic acid ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo kanye nezinsana zabo. Nakuba ubufakazi mayelana nemiphumela ye-benzoic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa bulinganiselwe, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukubeka phambili ukuqapha.

Ngamafuphi, i-benzoic acid iyinhlanganisela ewusizo enezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo. Ukuvela kwayo ngokwemvelo, izakhiwo zokulondoloza, kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo kwenza ibe yingxenye ewusizo ezimbonini ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-benzoic acid ngokuphepha nangokuzibophezela, ukulandela iziqondiso ezinconywayo kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma kudingeka.