Izinhlobo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokunambitheka kokudla kanye nephunga elimnandi

1. Izinhlobonhlobo zokunambitheka kokudla kanye nephunga elimnandi
Ingxenye yokunambitheka kokudla incane kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha nempilo ethile, futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemithethonqubo yezempilo efanele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokunambitheka kokudla, ezihlukaniswe zibe okuqinile kanye noketshezi ngokwefomu lomthamo. Ukunambitheka okuqinile kunephunga le-microcapsule njalo njalo. Ukunambitheka koketshezi kungahlukaniswa kube ukunambitheka okuncibilika emanzini, ukunambitheka okuncibilika kumafutha kanye nokunambitheka okuhlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahlukaniswa futhi ngokunambitheka kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Ukunambitheka kwe-microcapsule kwenziwa ngezinongo kanye nezinto zokumboza (njengesitashi esiguquliwe, njll.) ngokusebenzisa i-emulsification kanye nokomisa nge-spray, okunezici zokuvimbela ukulahleka kwe-oxidation kanye ne-volatilization, futhi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwengeza ukunambitheka eziphuzweni eziqinile kanye nezinongo. I-essence encibilikayo emanzini yenziwe ngamanzi acwebezelayo noma i-ethanol njengezinongo ezincibilikayo nezidliwayo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eziphuzweni ezibandayo nakwezinye izinongo. Ukunambitheka okuncibilikayo kumafutha kwenziwa ngokuxuba i-propylene glycol nokunambitheka kokudla, njll., okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza amaswidi namakhukhi abe mnandi. I-essence e-emulsifying iyisigaba samafutha esakhiwe ngezinongo zokudla, amafutha okudla, izilawuli ezithile zamandla adonsela phansi, ama-antioxidants, izilondolozi, njll., kanye nesigaba samanzi esakhiwe ngama-emulsifier, izidayi, izilondolozi, izithambisi, izinto ezimuncu kanye namanzi acwebezelayo, njll., esenziwa yi-emulsification kanye ne-homogenization ephezulu yokucindezela, esetshenziswa kakhulu eziphuzweni ezibandayo neziphuzo ezibandayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinongo, umbala noma i-turbidity.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa kokunambitheka kokudla kanye nephunga elimnandi
Ukunambitheka kokudla kuyisengezo sokudla esibalulekile embonini yokudla. Ezingengezweni zokudla kungumzimba waso, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Izinhlobo zokunambitheka zingahlukaniswa zibe:
(1) Ukunambitheka kwemvelo. Kuyisithako semvelo ngokuphelele esikhishwe ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni zemvelo (izinongo) ngezindlela zomzimba. Ngokuvamile, abathwali bezinto ezinukayo zemvelo bangatholakala ezithelweni, ezithweni zezilwane, emaqabungeni, etiyeni nasembewini. Izindlela zokukhipha ziwukukhipha, ukucwilisa kanye nokuhluza. I-vanilla extract, i-cocoa extract, i-strawberry extract nokunye kungatholakala ngendlela yokukhipha. Amafutha e-peppermint, amafutha e-fennel, amafutha e-sinamoni (osmanthus), amafutha e-eucalyptus angatholakala ngokucwilisa. Amafutha eolintshi, amafutha kalamula kanye namafutha e-citrus angatholakala ngokucwilisa. I-apple juice concentrate, i-mango concentrate, i-orange juice concentrate nokunye kungatholakala ngendlela yokucubungula. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingakhipha ukunambitheka kokudla emhlabeni, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 zivame ukusetshenziswa.
(2) Ukunambitheka kwemvelo. Lolu hlobo lokunambitheka lutholakala ngokuphathwa ngamakhemikhali kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo noma ukwenziwa kokwenziwa kanye nezinto zokunambitheka zemvelo ezifana ncamashi nezithako zamakhemikhali.
(3) Ukunambitheka kokwenziwa. Kutholakala ngokwenziwa kokwenziwa kanye nezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali futhi akukaqinisekiswa ukuthi ama-molecule amakhemikhali emvelo ale nto. Uma etholakala emvelweni futhi ebusa ama-molecule amakhemikhali afanayo, alingana nokunambitheka kwemvelo. Uma nje kukhona izinto zokusetshenziswa entweni enziwe ngokwenziwa, okungukuthi, i-essential synthetic essence yokwenziwa.
⑷ Ukunambitheka okulungiselelwe ngendlela ye-microbial. Kuyi-essential etholakala ngokubiliswa kwe-microbial noma ukusabela kwe-enzyme.
(5) I-Reactive essence. Lolu hlobo lokunambitheka luvela ekusabeleni kwe-Maillard kokushisa amaprotheni nokunciphisa ushukela, futhi luvame ukusetshenziswa enyameni, ushokoledi, ikhofi, nephunga le-malt.

Ngokwesimo sokuhlukaniswa kokunambitheka, ukunambitheka kokudla kufaka phakathi: ukunambitheka koketshezi (okuncibilika emanzini, okuncibilika kumafutha, okuxubile), lapho izinto zephunga zibalwa khona ngo-10%-20%, i-solvent (amanzi, i-propylene glycol, njll.) zibalwa khona ngo-80%-90%; Ukunambitheka kwe-emulsion, okuhlanganisa i-solvent, i-emulsifier, iglu, i-stabilizer, i-pigment, i-acid kanye ne-antioxidant, 80%--90%; Ukunambitheka kwe-powder, lapho into yephunga ibalwa khona ngo-10%-20%, inkampani ibalwa khona ngo-80%-90%.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokunambitheka kwempuphu kuyashesha, futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa eziphuzweni, ukudla okulula, izinto ezibhakiwe njalo njalo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokunambitheka kwempuphu ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
(1) Ukunambitheka kwempuphu ngendlela yokuxuba: izinto eziningana zokunambitheka kwempuphu zixutshwa, njengempuphu yezinongo ezinhlanu, impuphu ye-curry, njll.; Iningi lala maphunga livela ezinongo zemvelo zezitshalo, nasekulungiseleleni ukunambitheka kwenyama; impuphu ye-vanilla, i-vanillin, njll., nazo ziyiphunga lempuphu ngendlela yokuxuba.
(2) Ukunambitheka kwempuphu ngendlela yokumuncwa: i-essence imuncwa kakhulu ebusweni bomthwali, futhi ukwakheka kwalokhu kunambitheka kufanele kube nokuguquguquka okuphansi; Ukunambitheka kwenyama okuhlukahlukene ikakhulukazi kuyiphunga lempuphu ngendlela yokumuncwa.
(3) Uhlobo lokumboza lwephunga le-microcapsule powder luyiphunga le-powder elisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla namuhla.
Ukwenziwa kwe-microgelatinization yokunambitheka kuyindlela ekhethekile yokupakisha, ukuhlukanisa, ukulondoloza, ukukhulula kancane kanye nokupholisa ukunambitheka ngoketshezi, inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukugcina ukunambitheka kokuqala isikhathi eside, nokulondoloza kangcono ukunambitheka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kokunambitheka okubangelwa ukubola nezinye izici.
Lo mphumela ubaluleke kakhulu futhi uyasebenza kabanzi kwezinye izinhlobo zempuphu ekusetshenzisweni kwemboni yokudla. Kafushane kanje: ukukhiqizwa kweziphuzo eziqinile zendabuko kusebenzisa kakhulu indlela yokomisa ngesifutho, indlela yokomisa nge-vacuum kanye nendlela yokomisa ngokubilisa ukuze kukhiqizwe, inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukunambitheka okuwuketshezi, idinga ukufudunyezwa ukuze kususwe isinyibilikisi, ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kuzothinteka.

Indlela yokuxuba i-powder eyomile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwesiphuzo esiqinile. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, izithako ezahlukahlukene ze-powder zixutshwa ngqo ne-microgel powder essence, ngaphandle kokushisa, futhi ukunambitheka komkhiqizo akushintshi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-microgel granule powder flavouring yeziphuzo eziqinile kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukuyixuba ngokulinganayo, akukhulisi izinga lokushisa lemikhiqizo yokunambitha, imikhiqizo igcina isimo se-powder sokuqala, futhi ngeke ishintshe umbala emikhiqizweni emhlophe enoshukela.
Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zephunga zifakwe ku-capsule, ukulahlekelwa yi-volatilization kuyavinjelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokulondolozwa. Izingxenye zephunga zihlukaniswe endaweni ezungezile ukuze kuvinjelwe amathuba okuwohloka kokunambitheka ngenxa yezici ezifana ne-oxidation, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina umkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kokunambitha ukunambitheka koketshezi akulula, akulula ukuxuba ngokulinganayo, kwandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwemikhiqizo yokunambitha, ukuze umkhiqizo ube lula ukwakha i-caking, emikhiqizweni emhlophe enoshukela izophenduka kancane kancane ibe phuzi, ukunambitheka kungangezwa kuphela ebusweni, kuvezwe esikhaleni okuholela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo, kugcina isikhathi sephunga sifushane, indawo enkulu yokuxhumana kokunambitheka nomoya, isengozini ye-oxidation, ikhuthaza ukuwohloka kokunambitheka, isikhathi esifushane sokugcina.