Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nezigaba zokunambitheka kokudla kanye nephunga

1.Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla kanye nephunga elimnandi
Ingxenye yokunambitheka kokudla incane kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuthile kokuphepha nempilo, futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemithetho yezempilo efanele.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokunambitheka kokudla, okuhlukaniswe okuqinile kanye noketshezi ngokwefomu lomthamo.Ukunambitheka okuqinile kunokunambitheka kwe-microcapsule nokunye.Ama-flavour angama-liquid angahlukaniswa abe ama-flavour ancibilikayo emanzini, ama-flavour-soluble amafutha kanye nama-flavour emulsified.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabuye kuhlukaniswe ukunambitheka nokusetshenziswa.
I-Microcapsule flavour yenziwe ngama-flavour nama-ejenti okugcoba (njengesitashi esilungisiwe, njll.) ngokusebenzisa i-emulsification nokomiswa kwesifutho, okunezici zokuvimbela ukulahleka kwe-oxidation nokulahlekelwa kwe-volatilization, futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwengeza ukunambitheka eziphuzweni eziqinile nezinongo.I-essence encibilikayo emanzini yenziwe ngamanzi acwengekile noma i-ethanol njengezinongo ezincibilikisiwe nezidliwayo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eziphuzweni ezithambile nezinye izinongo.I-flavour encibilikayo kawoyela yenziwa ngokuxuba i-propylene glycol ne-flavour yokudla, njll., ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa uswidi namakhukhi.I-Emulsifying essence yisigaba sikawoyela esakhiwe ukunambitheka kokudla, amafutha okudla, izilawuli ezithile zamandla adonsela phansi, ama-antioxidants, ama-preservatives, njll., kanye nesigaba samanzi esakhiwe ngama-emulsifiers, ama-colorants, ama-preservatives, ama-thickeners, ama-agent amuncu namanzi acwecwe, njll., i-emulsification kanye ne-high pressure homogenization, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa iziphuzo ezibandayo neziphuzo ezibandayo, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, ukufaka umbala noma i-turbidity.

2.Izigaba zokunambitheka kokudla kanye nephunga elimnandi
Ukunambitheka kokudla kuyisengezo sokudla esibalulekile embonini yokudla.Ezithasiselweni zokudla ingumzimba wayo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.Izinhlobo ze-flavour zingahlukaniswa zibe:
(1) Ukunambitheka kwemvelo.Kuyinto yemvelo ngokuphelele ekhishwe ezitshalweni zemvelo nasezilwaneni (izinongo) ngezindlela ezibonakalayo.Ngokuvamile, abathwali bezinto zephunga lemvelo bangatholakala izithelo, izitho zezilwane, amaqabunga, itiye kanye nembewu.Izindlela zokukhipha ziyi-extraction, distillation kanye nokugxila.I-vanilla extract, i-cocoa extract, i-sitrobheli ekhishwe njalonjalo ingatholakala ngendlela yokukhipha.Amafutha e-Peppermint, amafutha e-fennel, amafutha e-sinamoni (osmanthus), amafutha e-eucalyptus angatholakala ngokuxubha.Amafutha e-Orange, amafutha kalamula kanye namafutha e-citrus angatholakala nge-distillation.I-apula juice concentrate, imango concentrate, orange juice concentrate nokunye kungatholwa ngendlela yokuhlushwa.Kukhona izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 ezingakhipha ukunambitheka kokudla emhlabeni, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 zivame ukusetshenziswa.
(2) Ukunambitheka kobunikazi bemvelo.Lolu hlobo lwe-flavour lutholakala ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zemvelo noma ukuhlanganiswa kokwenziwa kanye nezinto zokunambitheka kwemvelo okufana ncamashi namakhemikhali.
(3) Ukunambitheka kokwenziwa.Itholakala ngokuhlanganisa okwenziwa nezinye izindlela zamakhemikhali futhi ayizange iqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-molecule emvelo amakhemikhali ento.Uma itholakala emvelweni futhi ibusa ama-molecule amakhemikhali afanayo, ilingana nokunambitheka kwemvelo.Inqobo nje uma kukhona impahla eluhlaza in the essence is zokwenziwa, okungukuthi, artificial zokwenziwa essence.
⑷ Ukunambitheka okulungiselelwe ngendlela ye-microbial.Kuyi-essence etholakala ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial noma ukusabela kwe-enzymatic.
(5) I-essence esebenzayo.Lolu hlobo lwe-flavour lususelwa ekuphenduleni kwe-Maillard kokushisa amaprotheni nokunciphisa ushukela, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa enyameni, ushokoledi, ikhofi, iphunga le-malt.

Ngokwesimo sokuhlukaniswa kwe-flavour, ama-flavour okudla afaka: ukunambitheka okuwuketshezi (okuncibilika emanzini, ukuncibilika kwamafutha, i-emulsifying), okuyizinto zephunga ezibalelwa ku-10% -20%, i-solvent (amanzi, i-propylene glycol, njll.) ngo-80% -90%;Ukunambitheka kwe-emulsion, okuhlanganisa i-solvent, i-emulsifier, iglue, i-stabilizer, i-pigment, i-asidi ne-antioxidant, 80% --90%;I-Powder flavour, lapho iphunga elimnandi libalelwa ku-10% -20%, inkampani yenethiwekhi ibalwa ku-80% -90%.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-flavour ye-powder kuyashesha, futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphuzweni, ukudla okulula, izimpahla ezibhakiwe nokunye.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-flavour powder ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
(1) I-Powder flavour ngendlela yokuxuba: izinto eziningana ze-flavour eziyimpushana zixutshwa nomunye nomunye, njengempushana yezinongo ezinhlanu, i-curry powder, njll.;Iningi lala makha livela ezinongo zezitshalo zemvelo, nasekulungiseleleni ukunambitheka kwenyama;I-vanilla powder, i-vanillin, njll., nazo ziyi-flavour powder ngendlela yokuxuba.
(2) I-Powder flavour ngendlela ye-adsorption: i-essence ikhanga kakhulu ebusweni besithwali, futhi ukwakheka kwalokhu kunambitheka kufanele kube nokuguquguquka okuphansi;Izinambitheka ezihlukahlukene zenyama ngokuvamile ziyimpuphu enambitheka ngendlela ye-adsorbed.
(3)Indlela yokumboza ye-microcapsule powder flavour iyiphunga lempushana elisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla namuhla.
I-microgelatinization ye-flavour iyindlela ekhethekile yokupakisha, ukuhlukaniswa, ukulondolozwa, ukukhululwa kancane kanye nokwelapha uketshezi lwe-flavour, inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukugcina ukunambitheka kwangempela isikhathi eside, nokugcina ukunambitheka kangcono ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-flavour ebangelwa i-oxidation nezinye izici.
Lo mphumela ubaluleke ngokukhethekile futhi unokwenzeka kabanzi kwezinye izinambitheka zempushana ezinhlelweni zemboni yokudla.Kafushane kanje: ukukhiqizwa kwesiphuzo esiqinile sendabuko ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa indlela yokumisa isifutho, indlela yokomisa i-vacuum kanye nendlela yokomisa abilayo ukuze kukhiqizwe, inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukunambitheka kwe-liquid, idinga ukushiswa ukuze kukhishwe isincibilikisi, ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kuzothinteka.

Indlela yokuxuba impushana eyomile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni isiphuzo esiqinile.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, izithako ezihlukahlukene ze-powder zixutshwe ngokuqondile ne-microgel powder essence, ngaphandle kokufudumeza, futhi ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kuhlala kungashintshi.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-microgel granule powder flavouring yeziphuzo eziqinile kulula ukusebenza, kulula ukuxuba ngokulinganayo, akukhulisi izinga lokushisa lemikhiqizo yokunambitheka, imikhiqizo igcina isimo se-powder yasekuqaleni, futhi ngeke iguqule umbala emikhiqizweni eshukela emhlophe.
Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zephunga zihlanganiswe ku-capsule, ukulahlekelwa kwe-volatilization kuyavinjelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokulondoloza.Izingxenye zephunga zihlukanisiwe endaweni ezungezile ukuze kuvinjelwe amathuba okonakala kwe-flavour ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-oxidation, ngaleyo ndlela ande kakhulu isikhathi sokugcinwa komkhiqizo.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-liquid flavour flavouring operation akulula, akulula ukuxuba ngokulinganayo, ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi emikhiqizo yokunambitheka, ukuze umkhiqizo kube lula ukwakha i-caking phenomenon, emikhiqizweni emhlophe eshukela izoba phuzi kancane kancane, ukunambitheka kungaba kuphela. yengezwe ebusweni, evezwe esikhaleni okuholela ekuguqukeni okusheshayo, igcina isikhathi sephunga sifushane, indawo enkulu yokuxhumana nokunambitheka emoyeni, iyakwazi ukungena nge-oxidation, ikhuthaze ukuwohloka kwe-flavour, isikhathi sokugcina esifushane.