Imboni yamakha nephunga yezwe lami iyimboni egxile kakhulu emakethe futhi ehlanganiswe emhlabeni jikelele. Izinkampani zamakha nephunga zonke zitholakala eShayina, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi yamakha nephunga yasekhaya nayo ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngobuningi. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yentuthuko, imboni yamakha nephunga yezwe lami ithembele ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo, ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kancane kancane, futhi imboni ithole intuthuko enkulu.
Ukunambitheka kwezimboni kuhlukile kokunambitheka kwamakhemikhali kwansuku zonke kanye nokunambitheka kokudla. Ukunambitheka kwezimboni kubonakala ngephunga elibi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nephunga elihlala isikhathi eside. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu kumapulasitiki, irabha, izembozo zamakhemikhali kanye noyinki wopende. Kusetshenziselwa ukumboza iphunga nokwandisa iphunga ukuze kufezwe iphuzu elihle lokuthengisa.
Ukunambitheka kwezimboni kuyimboni ebalulekile yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisekela imikhiqizo yokunambitheka. Iphunga liyizinto zokusetshenziswa zokuxuba ukunambitheka; ukunambitheka kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, eziphuzweni, otshwaleni, ogwayi, ezinsipho, ezimonyweni, emazinyweni okuxubha amazinyo, emithini, ekudleni, ezindwangu nasezikhumbeni. Ngaphezu kwamakha, inani le-essence emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene enongiwe lingu-0.3-3% kuphela, kodwa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukunambitheka kubizwa ngokuthi "umphefumulo" wemikhiqizo enongiwe.
Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nomsebenzi wokufundisa embonini yephunga nokunambitheka yezwe lami kufinyelele imiphumela ejabulisayo. Thatha isikole sokuqala seShanghai Institute of Technology njengesibonelo, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nempumelelo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kube nezithelo ezinhle. Isikole sisungule isikhundla sokuqeqesha ithalente "sokuqeqesha amathalente obuchwepheshe asetshenziswa ezingeni eliphezulu anomoya omusha kanye nekhono elisebenzayo, kanye nonjiniyela bokuqala abahle kakhulu abanombono wamazwe ngamazwe", futhi sakha "ukukhonza intuthuko yezomnotho neyezenhlalo yesifunda, ukukhonza izimboni zasemadolobheni zanamuhla, kanye nokukhonza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Amadolobha namabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, aseShanghai, abhekene noMfula iYangtze Delta, asakazeka kulo lonke izwe, futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi".
Isikhathi sokugcina iphunga le-essence ngokuvamile siyizinyanga ezi-3-15. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zephunga zinesivinini esihlukile sokuguquguquka emikhiqizweni ehlukene, kuye ngohlobo kanye nefomula yohlobo lwephunga, futhi umoya ogelezayo uyisitha sephunga le-essence kanye ne-perfume powder, umkhiqizo oqediwe uyasongwa bese ufakwa ebhokisini. Ukuhlobisa kanye nezitika ebusweni bomkhiqizo oqediwe kunganciphisa ukuguquguquka kwephunga ngesikhathi sokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokugcina iphunga lomkhiqizo.
Inqubo yokukhipha i-carbon dioxide ebucayi kakhulu isetshenziselwa ukukhipha uwoyela oguquguqukayo we-frangipani okhiqizwa eLaos. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe be-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry busetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kawoyela oguquguqukayo, okunikeza isisekelo sesayensi sokuthuthukiswa okuphelele nokusetshenziswa kwe-frangipani. Ngocwaningo lokuhlola, ithimba locwaningo lwesayensi linqume izimo zenqubo yokukhipha uketshezi lwe-carbon dioxide olubucayi kakhulu kawoyela we-frangipani: ingcindezi yokukhipha engu-25Mpa, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha elingu-45°C, ingcindezi yokuhlukanisa I engu-12Mpa, kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuhlukanisa I elingu-55°C. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, isivuno esimaphakathi sokukhipha singama-5.8927%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunesivuno sokukhishwa kokuhlolwa kwe-steam distillation okungu-0.0916%.
Imakethe yama-flavour nama-perfume yaseShayina inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa kanye nendawo yemakethe. Izinkampani ezidumile zamazwe ngamazwe zama-flavour nama-perfume zitshale imali futhi zakha amafektri eShayina. Ngedumela lazo lokuqala lamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe, zithathe ingxenye enkulu yama-flavour nama-perfume asekhaya aphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yentuthuko, amabhizinisi asekhaya akhiqiza ama-flavour nama-perfume azimele avele amabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili embonini. Ethembele olwazini lwawo lwama-flavour endawo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile, amanani omkhiqizo anengqondo, kanye nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe ezicatshangelwe kahle, la mabhizinisi azimele kancane kancane athole ukuqashelwa kwamakhasimende aphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu, futhi isabelo sawo semakethe kanye nokuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kuye kwanda usuku nosuku.
Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, iphunga elinamandla, ukugcinwa kwephunga okuhlala isikhathi eside, njll. Kusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki, imikhiqizo yerabha, ipulasitiki, izinto zezicathulo, amasachet, imisebenzi yezandla, izindwangu, ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo, izindawo zokungenisa umoya, amakamelo ehhotela, izimpahla zasekhaya, izinto zokubhala, izingxenye zangaphakathi zezimoto, njll. Kulula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ukuze imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ibe nomphumela omuhle wokugcinwa kwephunga.
Ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokunambitheka nephunga kuyahambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisekelayo ezifana nemboni, iziphuzo, namakhemikhali ansuku zonke. Izinguquko ezisheshayo ezimbonini ezingezansi ziye zakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokunambitheka nephunga, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kokuhlukahluka, umkhiqizo kanye nokuthengisa. Kwanda unyaka nonyaka. Ukuqinisekisa isidingo esikhulu sezimboni ezingezansi nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimpahla zabathengi, indlela yokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ibe yinkinga evamile embonini.
Ngaphezu kwezinkampani ezinkulu zakwamanye amazwe ezinkampanini zokunambitheka zaseShayina, izinkampani zikahulumeni zinocwaningo oluyisisekelo olubuthakathaka, okuqukethwe okuphansi kobuchwepheshe, izindlela zokuphatha ezingaguquki, kanye nokuqwashisa ngezinsizakalo ezibuthakathaka, okuholele ekuncipheni noma ngisho nasekubuyeleni emuva kwesivinini sazo sentuthuko yamanje. Ngokukhuthazwa yizinqubomgomo zamanje zezwe, amabhizinisi asezindaweni zasemakhaya nawangasese athuthuke ngokushesha. Ngezindlela zawo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo kanye nezinsizakalo ezicatshangelwe kahle, athole udumo kubasebenzisi, futhi isabelo sawo semakethe sikhula njalo. Kodwa-ke, emabhizinisini amaningi azimele, ngenxa yezisekelo eziphansi zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe, ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo ophansi, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engazinzile, lesi simo nakanjani sizoletha ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni futhi sihlinzeke ngesisekelo sabaholi bemboni sokuba bakhule futhi baqine.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-06-2024